Last Game (Narrative) Essays - Baseball Rules, Origins Of Baseball

Last Game (Narrative) To be given the chance to play little league was one of the greatest times of my life. I played little league for four years, and every year I made the all-star team. My best friend and I played on every regular season team and every all-star team together. The final game of our career was unforgettable. It had been 4 years of great enjoyment with my best friend, Cody Smith. We always clowned around in practice, but when the game would start we had a high intensity. Cody would pitch, and I would play second base. When he wasn't pitching, I would, and he would play third base. We were the top players in little league, or so we thought. Our all-star team had made it to the championship of our state tournament. Before our team took the field our coach John Zamouski gave us a talk. He said, ?Well men, we've came a long way. Today's the day we've all practiced so hard for, but I want to have fun with it. Lets treat this like every other game we have won. You're all winners, win or lose. I want you all to know that I feel privileged to have coached such a fine bunch of men. So lets go out and play this game as hard as you can. What do you say, lets go have FUN.? We all got up and yelled, ?YEA.? ?Let's play hard.? ?Yea? As we all got more pumped up. ?Who are we ?N.I.? As we got more loud and more intense. Coach said, ?Bring it in. Win on 3. One, two, three? as we all yelled together ?WIN.? As I ran on to that field I recalled all the practicing I had done, and I knew I owed most of it to my father. He started me throwing and hitting when I was about four-years-old. As my passion grew more and more I wanted to go practice all the time. So I would ask my father to practice with me. Even though my father was tired or in the middle of a good TV show he would practice with me. I remembered my father sitting on an old milk crate while I pitched to him. This made me chuckle a little because I would throw a low wild pitch on accident that would hit him in the legs, but he kept positive. Cody was pitching a 3 hitter and I was playing well too. The score kept going back and forth. There were a lot of errors because the field was all dirt and felt like concrete, the ball was taking bounces I had never seen before. The final inning came around and we were down by 1 run with 2 outs when I came to bat. There was no one on base and the pitcher had 2 strikes on me. The next pitch seemed like it took forever. The pitcher pitched the ball right down the middle of the plate. I waited on the ball and hit a screaming line drive into left-center for a stand up double. Then Cody came up and hit the first pitch for a 2-run homerun for us to take the lead by 1. The next batter grounded out to end the inning, but the damage had already been done. We took the field and Cody was still pitching. The first batter hit a double and then stole to advance to third base. Cody then struck out the next two batters. Their were two outs and a runner on third base. Before Cody pitched that next b all I knew every player on our team told themselves that they would do whatever it took to get that next out. So when the ball was pitched and hit to me I was determined to get the out. The ground ball took a bad bounce and hit me square in the ribs. I picked up the ball, which was to the left of me. I spun around and threw that ball with all my power to first base. The ball reached the first basemen's mitt a half step before the runner made it to the base for the third out

Simple Distillation Lab Report Essays

Simple Distillation Lab Report Essays Simple Distillation Lab Report Paper Simple Distillation Lab Report Paper Essay Topic: Simple Fractional distillation is almost the same as the simple distillation, the only preference is that in a fractional distillation, fractionating column is used which is attached at the top end of the pear-shaped flask and it is connected to the condenser as well. Vacuum distillation is a process used to reduce the pressure to a lower boiling point. In a vacuum distillation, the solvents boiling point should be over OFF or ICC. This distillation method is used to recuperate the solvents higher boiling point. Finish Thompson Inc. ) In a steam distillation process, the main objective is to separate the two components in a temperature that is lower than their decomposition point. Steam distillation is process of separation to separate natural aromatic compounds. In order for the boiling point of the mixture to subside, steam or water is to be put in the distillation apparatus. (Helplessnesss, 201 3) The group performed simple distillation in order to separate the al cohol content of vodka from the solution. The objective of this experiment was to separate the alcohol component in the Vodka (Antonio) and to compute for its percentage of ethanol. MATERIALS AND METHODS A. Materials The materials the group used in this experiment are Vodka (Antonio), boiling tones, alcohol lamp and the quick-fit apparatus which consist of the following: iron stand, iron ring and iron clamp for support, pear-shaped distilling flask, distillation head, thermometer, thermometer adapter, condenser, vacuum adapter and test tubes. B. Methods The very first step in this experiment was to make the simple distillation set-up. The iron clamp attached to the iron stand became the supporting apparatus for the distillation head, which was connected to the pear-shaped flask and another iron clamp attached to the iron stand was supporting the condenser, which a art of the distillation head and the vacuum adapter was connected to. The thermometer was attached at the top end of the distillation head together with the thermometer adapter to see the regulation of the temperature. The group prepared 20 test tubes and it was calibrated to ml, marked the lower meniscus of it using a marker and labeled it accordingly. The group placed at least three boiling chips/stones into the pear-shaped distilling flask and added ml of Vodka (Antonio) inside the said flask. Boiling chips were placed inside the pear- shaped distilling flask in order to avoid bumping of molecules and prevention of avian a contamination. Alcohol lamp was used as the heat source. The group rotated it under the pear-shaped distilling flask in order for the liquid mixture to boil. Each of the calibrated and numbered test tubes, the group collected 0. Ml of distillate and while collecting the distillate, the temperature at which the distillate was collected was recorded.

Words for Extreme Weather Events

Words for Extreme Weather Events Words for Extreme Weather Events Words for Extreme Weather Events By Mark Nichol What’s the difference between a hurricane, a typhoon, and a tropical storm? The first two types of weather events are cyclones that sustain surface winds of at least 74 miles per hour- faster than virtually any highway speed limit in the United States. The term â€Å"tropical storm† refers to a degraded hurricane or typhoon. And why are there separate designations for hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones, which are essentially identical weather events? Hurricanes are storms that develop east of the International Date Line, which runs north to south through the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Hurricane is derived from the aboriginal Taino language’s word hurakn, which was borrowed into Spanish as huracn and thence into English. Taino was spoken throughout the islands of the Caribbean Sea, so it is natural that the language would inspire present-day usage. (A number of other words survive by assimilation from that dead language into English, including barbecue, hammock, and tobacco.) Typhoon, by contrast, stems from Greek, although it refers primarily to storms occurring in the vicinity of China and the Philippines, on the other side of the International Date Line. What’s the connection? The Greek term typhon was appropriated by the Arabs and thence found its way into Chinese, influenced by a similar-sounding Chinese word for â€Å"big wind.† And cyclone, also from Greek (ultimately from kyklos, also the origin of circle and cycle), is used popularly in the South Pacific Ocean, though scientists worldwide use the term when speaking or writing in English. Why do we capitalize names of hurricanes, typhoons, and tropical storms, and why are they assigned people’s first names? These are conventions established in the early 1950s by the scientific community to distinguish between two or more weather events occurring at or near the same time. (For the first quarter-century, only female names were used, following an alphabetized list. Starting in 1978, male names were used as well.) The tradition of assigning personal names to severe storms actually goes back hundreds of years, however; Caribbean hurricanes were named after saints based on which saint’s day the storm occurred, and the assignment of women’s names dates to the late nineteenth century. Some eighty names have, because of the catastrophic severity of the event, been retired from the list, an average of more than one a year; in 2005, Hurricane Katrina was only one of five storms whose names were retired because of the especially devastating nature of the storm. The score given to quantify a hurricane’s strength is also capitalized; the highest level is Category 5. Todays YouTube video: Inquire vs. Enquire Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Arrive To vs. Arrive AtCapitalization Rules for Names of Historical Periods and MovementsHow Long Should a Synopsis Be?

Effect of Teaching Style on Students Scores Essay

Effect of Teaching Style on Students Scores - Essay Example The results revealed no significant changes between the two groups of students when using the ANOVA but depicted elevated levels in 2009 using the MRT. The PCC test revealed some positive correlation between the sampled assessment test scores. Therefore the study demonstrates that teaching styles are correlated to the final scores among students hence innovative teaching style has a favorable consequence among the learners’. Conventional teaching techniques are increasing being viewed as deficient in terms of upholding extensive scholarship and lasting preservation of essential educational concepts. Additionally, these teaching processes are alleged of encouraging quiescent rather than active interactive scholarship (Meyers & Jones, 1993). The advent of sophisticated ICT learning tools has compelled hitherto conservative educationalists to adopt modern methods of teaching especially in the scientific fields of study of science, mathematics, engineering, and technology educatio n. Considerable research has proven the wisdom of assimilating these innovative techniques, as growth have been demonstrated in the education milieu particularly in adult education (Hein & Irvine, 2004). Kolb (1985) in his pragmatic learning cycle claimed that a learner undergoes various stages of knowledge sequence; whereby there is a certain foremost useful stage that is conducive to instruction and understanding. DePorter (1992) further observed that perceived disparities in a student learning style are often caused by ‘a conflict.

Wk4 Discussions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wk4 Discussions - Assignment Example Some of them might not be conscious of the dynamics involved in the investment of securities. Others might be conscious of the securities investment but do not understand which security will give a better return than the other. If Mr. Lynch answers this question, more investors from other industries will be interest on security investment. Mr. Lynch can let us know how to minimize market risks since avoiding it by diversification is impossible. He will suggest other avenues investors can use to minimize the risks associated with the type of security they have invested. Expectations of investors are high return, but market risk being included in the equation then the possibility of high return becomes slim. If investors have been armed with that kind of information regarding securities investment, we can be rest assured the number of investors in securities will increase. This will be a boost to our nation’s economy. To calculate the cost of equity division of cost of structure will need the use of Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) or by Dividend Growth Model (DGM). The cost of debt can be calculated by use of historical (coupon) interest rate or market based interest rate The techniques used to calculate the estimate of divisional cost of capital are referred to as pure play approach. This technique is used to calculate riskier division is the security market line (SML) while for conservation division subjective approach technique would be used to estimate the cost of capital. The main challenge experienced during the estimation of the cost of capital for a division is that it hardly has securities for to trade in the market, so it is a problem to notice the risk of division in the markets’

Management Information System Essay Example for Free

Management Information System Essay The ten major domestic carriers in the United States reported revenue of 145. 3 billion dollars in 2012, according to data gathered by Airlines for America (2012). The combine market capitalization of the twelve largest and publicly traded airlines stood at 48 billion dollars as of April 2012 just four billion greater than the value of Starbucks and way below other companies like Facebook and eBay ( Airlines for America, 2012). Our research will give a detail analysis of the two theories developed by Harvard Business School Professor Michael Porter. Porter posited that in order for businesses to compete an in-depth analysis should be done not only of your direct competitors but also external forces that can help a business performance; Porter labelled this as the Five Forces of Competitive Strategy. Another concept developed by Porter was the Value Chain, the Value Chain breaks the business process into two groups, Porter argues that business should analyse the areas of the Value Chain to see where improvements can be made to enhance performance. Our report will show how Southwest Airlines uses Information system in Porters theories and concept to gain competitive advantage Introduction to Southwest Airlines According to information received from Southwest. com (2013), Southwest Airline was incorporated in 1971 by co-founders Rollin King and Herb Kelleher as Air Southwest Company. The company is based in Dallas, Texas and has a staff capacity of over 46,000 persons. The carrier was formed has a low cost domestic carrier originally only flying in the state of Texas before branching out to other US states. From inception Southwest policy business strategy was to offer low fare and conveniently times flights on short haul routes (Ross Beath, 2007). Today Southwest Airlines flies domestic in the United States to 79 cities. Southwest Airlines is the largest airline in the world by passengers carried, in 2012 over 100 million persons was transported by the airline to different cities in the USA. The airline has being a pioneer in the industry and is credited for setting the foundation for the rise of other low cost carriers across the world like Ryan Air and Easyjet. In an industry where profit margins are very low and different carriers filing for bankruptcy ever so often Southwest has managed to stay above the fray. In almost 40 years of service the airline has consistently turned a profit while other airlines have struggled and has remained one of the world’s most profitable airlines. The airline’s consistent profitability was due to its own ability of low cost on a set per mile basis due to its use of a single aircraft model the Boeing 737 and its fuel hedging program that protect the company from rising fuel prices (Ross Beath, 2007). Southwest Airlines commands a market capitalization of over nine billion dollars making it one of the most valuable airlines in the world. Southwest credited its success for building a philosophy of simplicity, the company offering of low cost fares kept attracting passengers while its high touch customer service kept them coming back (Ross Beath, 2007). As the airline grew and its business processes became more complex and with other airlines investing heavily in technology in order to survive Southwest’s CEO at the time realised that a solid IT infrastructure would be essential for the company to achieve its strategic goals and could lower the airline cost without compromising on customer service (Ross Beath, 2007). Porters Five Force Model for Competitive Strategy Porter’s Five Force Model was developed by Michael Porter, Professor at the Harvard Business School in 1979. According to Porter (1979) the Five Forces is a holistic approach of looking and analysing any industry to understand the structural underlining drivers of profitability and competition. Porter believes that industry players take too much of a narrow look in assessing competition by believing that direct competitors in an industry are the only ones that are important. He uses the five forces model to show how business are engaged in a broader form of competition that can affect their profitability. These broader forces of competition include customers and suppliers who can have certain bargaining powers, new entrants that can emerge in the industry and affect your market share, substitute products or services that can be used and can have a direct effect on your profitability or growth and direct industry rivalry and competition within the industry. According to Hills Jones (2008) a business’s ability to earn great profits are dependent on the strength of Porters Five Forces, the reverse is also true that a weak competitive force allows for a greater opportunity to make profits. For example, a company that controls a monopoly in a certain geographical area will see greater opportunities for profit, because being a monopoly will eliminate the threat of new entrants, no internal rivalry and low bargaining power of consumers. The greatest issue most businesses will have is to identify changes in the five forces and knowing how to formulate strategies from the opportunities and threats that may arise from the change (Hill Jones, 2008). The image below illustrates Porter’s Five Force Model. Fig. 1 Source: (Porter, 1979) Threats of Entry in the Airline Industry The domestic airline industry in the United States has intense rivalry between its competitors. Over ten airlines fight for market share with the rivalry completely driven on price. Southwest Airline faces some its greatest competition from fellow low cost airlines such as Spirit air and JetBlue all three compete against each other on direct routes trying to offer the lowest prices and the best service to passengers with very low profit margins. Passenger figures stand at approximately 450 million passengers travelling domestic annually in the United States (International Air Transport Association, 2012). However, Southwest Airlines remained the dominant domestic carrier with a passenger load of over 100 million 2012 (Southwest Airlines, 2012). The competitive nature of the domestic market in the United States has led to the merger of some of its carriers in order to consolidate costs. The most recent merger being that of American Airlines and US Airways and before that it was Continental and United Airlines who joined forces. Barriers to Entry in the Airline Industry Prior to 1978 the airline industry in America was heavily regulated by the United States government and was driven by high prices and empty airlines. Government regulation not only prevented competition among industry players but also created an entry barrier for new airlines, as government regulated routes presented a monopoly for established carriers (Bloomberg Business Week, 2011). In the United States the state of Texas was the only state which never had government regulation in the industry. The deregulation in Texas gave Southwest Airlines an opportunity to enter the market offering its service in the major cities of Texas only (Southwest Airlines, 2012). The deregulation effort that was led by democratic senator Ted Kennedy and signed into law by former President Jimmy Carter saw a dismantling of fare and route controls in 1978 (Bloomberg Business Week, 2011). This deregulation made it increasingly easy for new airlines to enter market and compete. With government control no longer a barrier airlines were able to enter the market once they were able to access the capital that was required and meet the safety standards that were required by the Federal Aviation Authority (FAA). However, Michael Porter (2008) in an interview with Harvard Business School described the airline industry as one of the easiest enter with low barriers to entry he pointed out there is a constant stream of new airlines that enter the market regularly despite low profits. Bargaining Power of Suppliers and Customers in the Airline Industry According to Porter (2008) the limited number of suppliers in the airline industry gave a considerable amount of power to the ones that existed. Porter argues that airline suppliers made considerable more profits than airlines themselves. Aircraft manufacturing is dominated by only two major players,’ American company Boeing and French company Airbus. In 2011 both manufactures controlled over 90 per cent of new air craft orders with Airbus dominating at 64 percent (The Guardian, 2012). An airline survival in the industry is also tied considerably to the price of oil which is core to operation. Southwest Airlines use a method of hedging to compete on the price of oil which allows the airline to lock in to contracts at cheaper prices in anticipation of future rises in the world market prices (CNBC, 2012). Other supplier cost that affects performance includes security cost, airport gates and terminal fees and wages to staff. The greater the rivalry among industry players the more fickle customers will become. Customers in the airline industry have tremendous bargaining power and are very price sensitive. The fast pace nature of the industry can allow a customer to switch airlines at any time. Customers were the key beneficiaries from the deregulation of the industry, before the removal of price structure and other regulation, government policy ensured that airlines competed on service and not price (Bloomberg Business Week, 2011). This shifted dramatically with deregulation has new entrants to the markets like Southwest and JetBlue built their business model on low prices which has caused older established companies to lower their own margins. Substitutes Products for Airlines There are a number of substitute services available in the domestic airline industry in America. Substitute products include rail service, water, coaches, private car transportation or refusing to travel. These substitutes provide customers with other alternatives other than flying and are strong competitive forces to the industry. Airlines are therefore forced to show the economical convenience of air travel as oppose to using other means. For example a person travelling on business who places great value on time could find it more efficient to fly instead of using substitutes. Airfares offered by low cost airlines like Southwest are also competitive with other substitute products. The Value Chain Analysis Along with the Five Forces Michael Porter also developed the Generic Value Chain as a means of understanding competitiveness in the business industry. The Value Chain is aimed at helping us understand how goods and services move through an organization and how value is added to them. According to Porter the Value Chain represents a business process that comes along with a product (Porter, 1985). The main aim has articulated by Porter (1985) is to find sources for a company’s competitive advantage by dividing the company into several activities in the business process which are all strategically relevant to the goods or services provided. The business process is divided into primary and secondary areas. Primary activities include areas directly related to getting the product to the consumer. Inbound logistics is the acquisition of the raw materials that are necessary to provide the product or service. Southwest inbound logistics include areas such as route selection, flight and crew scheduling, fuelling, acquiring aircrafts and ticket management systems. Operation generally refers to the physical actions that are required to produce the service once all the raw materials are acquired. Southwest Airlines operations include a variety of actions to provide its service. It covers the airlines customer care services, gate operations, air craft operations and maintenance and baggage handling. Outbound logistics involves moving goods into inventory and places where they can reach customers. Southwest Airlines outbound logistics includes website for booking tickets, connecting passengers on flights, offering, baggage collection systems and other gate services. Other areas Primary agents of the value chain include marketing and sales and services. Marketing and sales involves the initiation of buying the product by utilizing advertising, promoting and monitoring sales (Porter, 1985). Therefore any advertising, promotional activity or deals and incentives offered by the airline will fall under marketing and sales activities. While service involves handling of customer relations once the product or service is in the hand of the consumer these include handling customer complaints, handling special request from customers such as disability requests or dealing with elements such as flight delays and cancellations. The secondary activities are important in creating a product or service but are not directly involved in its creation. Procurement is responsible for buying the raw materials for the company it can include computers furnisher and other fix assets which are essential to the value chain, the act of procurement according to Porter is normally carried out by management or the sales department (Porter, 1985). Technology support activity includes research and development that could lead to product development for the primary areas of the value chain, human resources role provides the company with essential staff to carry out functions while infrastructure involves the processes and procedures needed to execute the business process for example payroll and account (Porter, 1985). The purpose of this process is to analyse all the aspects of the Value Chain and determine if improvements can be made to increase the profitability and performance of the business. For example, Southwest Airlines could look at a value chain and determine if they could reduce the speed at which it check in passengers to flights to reduce turnaround time or increasing the speed of operating procedures such as maintenance and refuelling. Value Chain is a structured way to look at improving the business process and information systems can play a key role in this effort.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Parents, friends, staff, and fellow graduates, I like that word, graduates. In fact, I like that word so much, that I decided to look it up in the dictionary for the heck of it. And beyond the obvious definitions I found, there was one that plainly stuck out. "To change gradually". Now if you think about it, I guess that sums up all our years of schooling right there. I mean, I can still remember back to first grade and racing home to watch the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles defeat Shredder and the evil foot soldiers. Of course, Michelangelo was my favorite because he was the care-free surfer turtle that every boy dreamed of being like. Well, cartoons didn't last long in junior high, and my first real change occurred because of the eventual realization that girls were not brain-sucking aliens and yes, you could talk to them. And Aaron, you can still talk to them. Well, that led to the dances, and let me tell ya, those were some interesting days for me. My first slow dance, consisted of a good 14 inches between me and my unfortunate partner (sorry Michelle). But as we all know, those days didn't last long either and the glory days of high school jumped on us like a varsity sport initiation. From the fire drills in the rain, to those studly guys in cheer skirts, high school was virtually a blur and brought us to the point we are at now. And though all our years of high school flew by with a quiet whisper, there was always this gradual change within us. Every day we developed a clearer picture of who we were and what we wanted to do with our lives. While I guarantee you that most of us won't remember every trigonometric function or who the 11th president was, in the end, it doesn't really matter. This is because the greatness of ... ...ce. Our Football team took 1st in WESCO and went to the playoffs. The Winter Guard took 1st in state with their incredible performance and the Drama department put on two phenomenal plays that drew sellout crowds. Basketball thrilled us all by making it back to the state tournament and the boys soccer team made the playoffs for the first time in over 10 years, just missing a state berth. It's because of our leadership, that the students of Sanders High School now have a renewed sense of pride and spirit. We have brought Sanders back to the top, and blazed a trail for incredible things to come. I love you guys, and from spending four years of high school with ya, I know that each one of us will relentlessly pursue our dreams and stop at nothing to see them become a reality. So look out world, cause the graduating class of 2006, will be a class that you never forget.

Revolutionary Antiseptic Technique

Joseph Lister's Revolutionary Antiseptic Technique Kundhavaidevi BalamuruganAH 9 Block 13-3-2018 It was October 26, 1877, in King's College and a boy had fractured his patella, also known as a kneecap. A few decades ago doctors would have deemed his case of hopeless, advising him to amputate. It was 1877 though– the height of surgical advancements!– and there was an alternative option– wiring his patella was proposed. Wiring his patella required converting a simple fracture into a compound fracture deliberately, which was often associated with infection and even death (Cartwright, 2017). The procedure itself was deemed preposterous by the public and other medical professionals, receiving harsh criticism. The boy would surely die of infection. His doctor, however, remained confident in his procedure. The doctor had invented antiseptic technique, which would prevent contamination of the surgical equipment and infection of the wound. He used carbolic acid to create antiseptic conditions to perform the surgery. The conditions made the surgery was a success! The surgeon to perform this controversial surgery was Joseph Lister, an innovative and influential surgeon. His creation of antiseptic treatment, based off of germ theory, was the most influential innovation in surgical history. It had revolutionized surgery, allowing complex surgeries to be performed, lowering mortality rates and increasing the safety of procedures.Joseph Lister, Baron Lister of Lyme Regis was born on April 5, 1827, in Upton, Essex, England. He was the son of Joseph Jackson Lister and Isabelle Harris. Both his father and his mother took an active part in his education, teaching him how to use a microscope (Mental Floss, 2017). He received formal schooling in two Quaker schools which further emphasized science and natural history. By age 16, Joseph Lister decided he wanted to pursue a career in the medical field, specifically to become a surgeon. He attended the University College in London and became House Surgeon at University College Hospital in 1856, after receiving a Bachelor of Honors in Medicine in October 1852. He got his fellowship in Royal College of Surgeons and studied under James Syme, a renowned surgeon in Edinburgh. He later became Syme's son-in-law after marrying his daughter, Agnes Syme. On their honeymoon, Lister and his wife visited French and German institutes that inspired Agnes Lister to become Joseph Lister's laboratory assistant. In Lister's early years as a surgeon, he researched inflammation, which was considered a specific disease at the time. He studied the microscopic healing of wounds, specifically the â€Å"mechanism of coagulation of blood and blood vessels during the first stages of inflammation† (Cartwright, 2017). This served as a background to his work in wound dressing and his development of antiseptic treatment.He worked as a dresser for Sir Erichsen, a physician that believed that wounds become infected due to bad air. The miasma theory, which was popular at the time, claimed that concentrated bad air can infect the wound. At the time, miasma was thought to be the cause of spread of disease and infection. The origins of the miasma theory can be traced back to ancient China and Europe. Miasma is comparable to smoke, mist, or fog: air can carry miasma. Air carrying miasma was considered contaminated. The cause of miasma varied– some believed it was from moisture and heat while others thought it originated from rotting organic matter like dead insects. Early in his career, he had not believed in miasma. In dressing the wounds, Lister had realized that when wounds were cleaned, some had healed. He reasoned that if some wounds could be healed, it was highly unlikely that the â€Å"bad air† was the cause of disease and infection.Lister's first major surgery was on a woman named Julia Sullivan. Her drunk husband had stabbed her abdomen on a night out and her intestines were exposed. The injury had caused her to pass out. Joseph Lister was the only one present at the facility due to the odd hours (it was early in the morning). At this point of his career, he became house surgeon to Sir Erichsen when Lister's predecessor stepped down. He had only been in this position for a month when this incident occurred. He cleaned the wound with warm water, extended the cut on the abdomen, sutured the intestines, then sutured the abdomen with a single thread as opposed to multiple threads (Richardson ; Rhodes, 2013). This surgery was controversial at the time but it was effective. This manner of surgery is consistent throughout his career: unconventional, controversial, yet effective.He was appointed Regius Professor of Surgery at the University of Glasgow at the age of 33, in August 1861. Though he was a professor, he did not attain Glasgow Royal Infirmary privileges until a year later, his request initially denied. He became in charge of the Male Accident Ward, a new surgical block at the infirmary(Pitt ; Aubin, 2012).Many patients in the Male Accident Ward suffered compound fractures, which was commonly treated with amputation. Lister observed that 45 to 50 percent of amputation patients died from sepsis between 1861 and 1865. Later he read Louis Pasteur's paper on the germ theory, a theory that stated microorganisms cause infection, as opposed to bad air as proposed by the miasma theory that was popular at the time. Lister hypothesized that the â€Å"same process that caused fermentation was also involved in wound sepsis†. He postulated that sepsis was caused by â€Å"pollen-like dust† (Cartwright, 2017) . He believed the only mode of contamination was by air. To disinfect wounds, he applied carbolic acid, which was commonly used to disinfect sewage at the time. He sprayed carbolic acid in the air, onto the equipment, and onto the wound to disinfect and prevent infection or contamination. He used this method on the patients of his ward for several years. The results of his technique was positive. Using phenol as an antiseptic reduced the mortality rate of the Male Accident Ward to 15 percent in 4 years.His practice was very different than of his peers. Others in the medical field did not wash bed linens and lab coats, using the same equipment for patients.They had believed that infection and contamination were caused by â€Å"bad air†, as the miasma theory entailed, and hence did not see the reason for sterile equipment and techniques. As a result, when he published two papers on antiseptic technique on the Lancet in March and July 1967, his colleagues criticized his methods. The source of doubt was because the microorganisms were not visible to the naked eye. If they were not visible, they did not exist. His work was misunderstood and his colleagues demanded proof of his technique being effective (Cartwright, 2017). He altered the administration of the carbolic acid, spraying it now with a machine he called a donkey engine. The donkey engine increased the efficiency of the application of carbolic acid. He increasingly used this method on surgeries and the results were positive. Patients approved of his methods. Germany, the United States, and eventually Great Britain accepted and adopted his approach to antiseptic technique. In 1871, he operated on Queen Victoria, who had a large abscess on her armpit. Lister lanced the abscess with a sharp tool, drained the pus, dressed the wound, and treated it with carbolic acid (Fulton, 2017). The Queen approved of Lister's methods involving carbolic acid. This nod of approval from the Queen of the United Kingdom encouraged his peers in the medical field to accept antiseptic technique. Though his technique was not accepted during a majority of his lifetime, antiseptic treatment revolutionized surgical procedures. Infection and contamination of the wounds were less common. Surgery was no longer dangerous, lowering mortality rates and increasing success rates. It is quite a feat to dispute a widely popular medical theory and to continue practicing though his colleagues ridiculed his technique. He was creative, too, using phenol, a carbolic acid used to disinfect sewage, to dress wounds. His work revolutionized medicine, a field that is slow to change. His work in antiseptic technique inspired the brand Listerine to name themselves after Joseph Lister. Though his techniques are no longer used, it served as the gateway to developing better antiseptic and aseptic techniques. His ideas and approach to antiseptic technique influence our culture and our behavior from our cleansing our mouths with mouthwash in the morning to disinfecting our clothing to using Bactine to disinfect cuts and minor open wounds. His ability to be nonconformist to popular belief and create antiseptic technique was the most innovative occurrence of the 20th century.10 Intriguing Facts About Joseph Lister. (2017, September  12). Retrieved March 01, 2018, from http://mentalfloss.com/article/503311/10-intriguing-facts-about-joseph-listerCartwright, F. F. (2017, November 16). Joseph Lister. Retrieved March 01, 2018, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Lister-Baron-Lister-of-Lyme-RegisFulton, A. (2017, October 13). ‘The Butchering Art': How A 19th Century Physician Made Surgery Safer. Retrieved March 01, 2018, from https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/10/13/557367840/the-butchering-art-how-a-19th-century-physician-made-surgery-saferPitt, D., ; Aubin, J. (2012, October). Retrieved March 01, 2018, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3468637/Richardson, R., ; Rhodes, B. (2013, December 20). Retrieved March 1, 2018, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3826195/Science Museum. Brought to Life: Exploring the History of Medicine. (n.d.). Retrieved March 01, 2018, from http://broughttolife.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/people/josephlister Revolutionary Antiseptic Technique Joseph Lister's Revolutionary Antiseptic Technique Kundhavaidevi Balamurugan AH 9 Block 13-3-2018 It was October 26, 1877 in King's College and a boy had fractured his patella, or kneecap. A few decades ago doctors would have deemed his case of hopeless, advising him to amputate. But it was 1877– the height of surgical advancements!– and there was an alternative option– wiring his patella was proposed. Wiring his patella entailed a deliberate conversion of a simple fracture into a compound fracture, which were often associated with infection and even death. The procedure itself was deemed preposterous by the public and other medical professionals, receiving harsh criticism. The boy would surely die of infection. But his doctor remained confident in his procedure. The doctor had invented antiseptic technique, which would prevent contamination of the surgical equipment and infection of the wound. He used carbolic acid to create antiseptic conditions to perform the surgery. The conditions made the surgery was a success! The surgeon to perform this controversial surgery was Joseph Lister, an innovative and influential surgeon. His creation of antiseptic treatment, based off of germ theory, was the influential innovation surgical history. It had revolutionized surgery, allowing complex surgeries to be performed, lowering mortality rates and increasing the safety of procedures. Joseph Lister, Baron Lister of Lyme Regis was born on April 5, 1827 in Upton, Essex, England. He was the son of Joseph Jackson Lister and Isabelle Harris. Both his father and his mother took an active part in his education, teaching him natural history and how to use a microscope. He received formal schooling in two Quaker schools which emphasized science and natural history. By age 16, Joseph Lister decided he wanted to pursue a career in the medical field-specifically to become a surgeon. He attended the University College in London and became House Surgeon at University College Hospital in 1856, after receiving a Bachelor of Honors with Medicine in October 1852. He got his fellowship in Royal College of Surgeons and studied under James Syme, a renowned surgeon in Edinburgh. He later becomes Syme's son-in-law after marrying his daughter, Agnes Syme.In his early years as a surgeon, he researched inflammation, which was considered a specific disease at the time. He studied the microscopic healing of wounds, specifically the mechanism of coagulation of blood and blood vessels during the first stages of inflammation. This served as a background to his work in wound dressing and his development of antiseptic treatment.He worked as a dresser for Sir Erichsen, a physician that believed that wounds become infected due to bad air. The miasma theory claimed that concentrated bad air can infect the wound. But in dressing the wounds, he had realized that when wounds were cleaned, some had healed. Early in his career he had not believed in miasma, a popular theory of the time in the medical field.He was appointed Regius Professor of Surgery at the University of Glasgow at the age of 33, in August 1861. Though he was a professor, he did not attain Glasgow Royal Infirmary privileges till a year later, his request initially denied. He became in charge of the Male Accident Ward, a new surgical block.Many patients in the Male Accident Ward suffered compound fractures, which was commonly treated with amputation. Lister observed that 45 to 50 percent of amputation patients died from sepsis between 1861 and 1865. Later he read Louis Pasteur's paper on germ theory, a theory that stated microorganisms cause infection. Lister hypothesized that the same process that caused fermentation was also involved in wound sepsis. He postulated that sepsis was caused by pollen-like dust. He believed the only mode of contamination was by air. To disinfect wounds, he applied carbolic acid, which was commonly used to disinfect sewage at the time. He sprayed carbolic acid in the air, onto the equipment, and onto the wound to disinfect and prevent infection or contamination. He used this method on the the patients of his ward for several years. Using phenol as an antiseptic reduced the mortality rate of the Male Accident Ward to 15 percent in 4 years.His practice was very different than of his peers. Others in the medical field did not wash bed linens and lab coats, using the same equipment for patients.They had believed that infection and contamination was caused by â€Å"bad air, as the miasma theory entailed, and hence did not see the reason for sterile equipment and techniques. As a result when he published two papers on antiseptic technique on the Lancet in March and July 1967, his colleagues criticized his methods. The source of doubt was because the microorganisms were not visible to the naked eye, and hence did not exist. His work was misunderstood and his colleagues demanded proof. He altered the administration of the carbolic acid, spraying it now with a machine he called a donkey engine. The donkey engine increased efficiency of the application of carbolic acid. He increasingly used this method on surgeries and the results were positive. Patients approved of his methods. Germany, the United States, and eventually Great Britain accepted and adopted his approach to antiseptic technique. In 1871, he operated on Queen Victoria, who had a large abscess on her armpit. Lister lanced the abscess with a sharp tool, drained the pus, dressed the wound, and treated it with carbolic acid. The queen approved of Lister's methods involving carbolic acid. This nod of approval from the queen of the United Kingdom encouraged his peers in the medical field to accept antiseptic technique. Though his technique was not accepted during a majority of his lifetime, antiseptic treatment revolutionized surgical procedures. Infection and contamination of the wounds was less common. Surgery was no longer dangerous, lowering mortality rates and increasing success rates. It is quite a feat to dispute a widely popular medical theory and to continue practicing though his colleagues ridiculed his technique. He was creative, too, using phenol, a carbolic acid used to disinfect sewage, to dress wounds. His work revolutionized medicine, a field that is slow to change. Though his techniques are no longer used, it served as the gateway to develop better antiseptic and aseptic techniques. His ability to be nonconformist to popular belief and create antiseptic technique was the most innovative occurence of the 20th century.10 Intriguing Facts About Joseph Lister. (2017, September 12).RetrievedMarch 01, 2018, from http://mentalfloss.com/article/503311/10-intriguing-facts-about-joseph-listerScience Museum. Brought to Life: Exploring the History of Medicine. (n.d.). Retrieved March 01, 2018, from http://broughttolife.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/people/josephlisterPitt, D., ; Aubin, J. (2012, October). Retrieved March 01, 2018, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3468637/Cartwright, F. F. (2017, November 16). Joseph Lister.Retrieved March 01, 2018, from https://www.britannica. com/biography/Joseph-Lister-Baron-Lister-of-Lyme-RegisFulton, A. (2017, October 13). ‘The Butchering Art': How A 19th Century Physician Made Surgery Safer. Retrieved March 01, 2018, from https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/10/13/557367840/the-butchering-art-how-a-19th-century-physician-made-surgery-safer

Middle Range Theory Essay

Bank of America is the largest US bank founded in 1904, it has expanded through several acquisitions. By the end of 2009, Bank of America was the market leader serving 82% of the US population and over 53 million customers. They are positioned as number one in online and mobile banking. Their mobile banking services were launched in 2007 and have gained 4 million customers in less than three years. Acquisitions made by Bank of America prior to the financial crisis caused a very strong drop in their stock price. Customers: In 2009, 10 million customers used mobile banking and this is expected to grow to 37 million by 2014. Customers that use mobile banking are not the same as online customers. Customers that use mobile banking represent a different segment of the market that other banking customers. Security issues, a perceived low value and expense, were the primary reasons that customers did not switch to mobile banking. Potential customers were reluctant to try a new banking service that are represented an extra cost and they were also afraid of losing control of their finances. Debit cardholders were the most active users. It was convenient for them because they could check their account at any time. Customers that used this service changed their usual banking channels and as a result -the bank had a higher retention for these users of online services. Competition/Competitors: Bank of America’s main competitors were: Bank of New York Mellon, JP Morgan Chase ; Co. , Wells Fargo ; Co. , Citigroup, and PNC Financial Services. These competitors also used mobile banking to ensure good service for their customers. They used SMS, customized web browsers and apps, depending on the bank and the customers they served. Citibank and Wells Fargo had different applications customized for their target groups. General Context Considering that the banking industry is fragmented, with thousands of banks offering retail and wholesale banking services; ten of the largest banks hold 46. 4% of total deposits, Bank of America being the largest one. The mortgage crisis of 2009 led to a deep recession and spilled over into a financial crisis that affected the retail banking business. Banks started waving fees and offering additional benefits in order to capture and retain customers. Mobile banking was introduced in the US in 2007 which added costs to each transaction. However, these costs were lower than call centers and interactive voice response costs. Bank of America had three options: mobile messaging (mobile stream modification without any software installation), mobile Internet (wireless application protocol), and mobile applications. Mobile applications in particular were more sophisticated and costly. Smartphone use was estimated to grow to 46% by 2014. Development Dilemma: Bank of America has two options to handle the future of mobile banking: 1) Build new and various applications to target different customers a) Pros: i) Customers want customization in the products; this will increase retention and satisfaction. ii) Marketing strategies can be segmented into different types of clients. This increases efficiency and reduces costs. iii) Superior brand and innovation perception. a) Cons i) Cost of application creation will increase due to the different areas and type of customers at Bank of America ii) Any changes in the bank services will have to be applied to all apps. Some customers will have to download and use various apps at the same time 2) Refuse to add complexity to the current application a) Pros: i) No extra costs on building a new application ii) Customers that don? t like technology or doubt about security issues won’t be affected b) Cons: i) Other banks offer better mobile apps and this will increase their competitive advantage ii) Customer satisfaction will suffer if the app is not updated and does not fulfill their needs. iii) Transactions will still be done through ATMs, Call centers and IVR, which are 4 to 11 times more costly. Opportunities: Since Bank of America is one of the largest financial institutions in United States that has millions of customers; online banking is an important feature that offers to ease transactions and provides access to billing statements. However, because of the multitude of services banks offer it is overly-complicated to provide all items in one bundle. Because of this complexity (to add all the banking features in one app for mobile banking) Bank of America should target tablet-users to provide all the banking features with different applications. For example Bank of America can provide tools like market reports for savvy investors or savings programs for households (where it is easier to keep track of expenses. ) Tablets are relatively easier to use than mobile phones. Targeting such a market at an early stage can broaden the spectrum in which Bank of America operates its mobile banking. This opportunity which targets future markets as computers are being replaced by tablets should not be forgone. Ease of access and use for customers with multiple Bank of America services, easier tracking of frauds or errors. ) Bank of America customers will be able to access a large array of services online. c) For some high-end apps a nominal fee may be charged to cover some of the technology budget. 2) Cons a) Customer information may be at risk as it is insecure to access sensitive information online for which Bank of America will have to maintain high privacy, increasing cost. b) Some of the features may still be complex and require customer support hotline. c) Customers may act on unintended transactions involving significant funds. Recommendations: Bank of America needs to improve the complexity to the current application. After analyzing the options and the opportunity, we think that Bank of America has to differentiate themselves from their competitors while offering a great service to their clients, we would recommend to increase the functionality of the mobile app. This change will bring extra benefits to the different type of clients in a single download. The company will also cut costs in the type of transactions made by the clients. The continuous growth of the mobile market especially the Smartphone use is another aspect of the recommendation. Having a mobile has become a commodity for the population. The new generation will get so accustomed to this technology that they will be able to deal with any app complexity without any problem. Bank of America has to think of its future customers, not only the current mobile technology adaptors. 1) Pros: a) Having a better application will differentiate the bank compared to their competitors b) Customers will have overall services in a single application. Mobile payment services would be added to the app and will attract and benefit many customers. d) Transaction costs will become lower as the % of Smartphone users grows (46% for year 2014). 2) Cons: a) Added complexity will discourage some customers to use the application b) Speed of the application may suffer if the customer has a bad connection or has too many applications downloaded in their mobile. c) The cost of developing a more complex application is larger and may require more expertise and training for employees and customers as well.

buy custom Revolution in France essay

buy custom Revolution in France essay Even after the deadly revolution in France, the King who took power in France set up laws that favoured the rich at the expense of the weak in the society, up to the time when he was overthrown through a revolution. The third republic was set up to restore the lost rights, which the France citizens had fought for a long time. The third republic survived from the year 1870 to 1945 having lived with many trials and moves to destabilize. All obstacles for the republic led to a strong support of the government. Discussion The French third republic was a ruling body in France between the years 1870-1945. It was a republican democracy that was established after the decline of the reign of Napoleon iii during the Franco-Prussian conflict. It endured until the year 1940, when the Germans invaded France. This body was established as a democratic body by an act of parliament. The body was not intended to carry on for a long period. It, therefore, went through various conflicts until its final collapse, in the year 1940. The main act that led to the overthrow of Napoleon 111 was the Germans act that intended to make France a nation that tolerates might neighbours in its surroundings (Fortescue 67). In the year 1970s, France established a republic to take over after the death of Chambord. The president of the republic wanted a monarchical government which the parliament opposed. Democracy underwent a trying moment when the president fought for a Monarchy. He dismissed the prime minister, who belonged to the republican group, and dissolved parliament (Chapman, 222). This was a trying period for the republic. It was saved when the public voted heavily against a monarchical France and instead preferred a democratic nation that was in existence. In 1875, there was an act of parliament that aimed at enhancing democracy in the nation. The president had no permission to be in parliament. This aims at separating the executive from the legislature. This act ensured the survival of democracy. The presidential candidates also had to obtain 50% of the total official votes to be nominated. This gave people an opportunity to exercise their democratic rights. The elected president would, there fore, be a democrat and worked towards the survival of democracy. The Dreyfus affair was dangerous to the survival of democracy in the third republic. This happened when Dreyfus was convicted for the charges that he had not undertaken yet the top officials of the republiic knew that he was not guilty. The main reason behind Dreyfus conviction was because he was a Jew. This act was a challenge to the survival of Democracy in France. It was used as a learning moment for the French people who realized the nature of anti-semiticism that existed in France. It also ensured that the third republic were aware of the threats posed by the royal group for the people of France. In 1885, the political force fought to end monarchy in France completely. This was done through the sale of crown jewels that were a sign of monarchism. They were replaced by crowns with glasses which were kept. Various reforms were set up in the public sector that aimed at addressing the concerns of the citizens. There was an introduction of the 8 hours normal work day and the compensation act. These acts aimed at enhancing the democratic right of all French citizens (Smith 92). Conclusion Despite the obstacles that existed during the reign of the third republic, it is seen as the longest in service which came to an end after the conquering of France by the Nazis; an act that led to the split of France into northern and southern parts. It fought many battles to ensure the survival of democracy. Buy custom Revolution in France essay

Sandoval Surname Meaning and Origin

Sandoval Surname Meaning and Origin The Spanish surname Sandoval is a geographical or habitational last name derived from any of the places named Sandoval, in particular, the village of Sandoval de la Reina in the Spanish province of Burgos. The place name Sandoval originated as Sannoval, from the Latin saltus, meaning grove or forest, plus novalis, or newly cleared land. Sandoval is the 55th most common Hispanic surname. Surname origin:Â  Spanish, PortugueseAlternate surname spellings:Â  De Sandoval, Sandobal, De Sandobal, Sandovel Famous People With the Surname Brian Sandoval: Nevada governor.Pablo Sandoval: Giants MLB third baseman.Vicente Sandoval: President of Guatemala in the 1960sManuel Sandoval Vallarta: Mexican physicist, best known for his study of cosmic rays Where Do People With This Surname Live? According to Public Profiler: World Names the majority of individuals with the Sandoval surname live in Argentina, followed by concentrations in the United States, Austria, France, and Switzerland. Public Profiler doesnt include information from all countries, however, including Mexico and Venezuela. Genealogy Resources GeneaNet - Sandoval Records: GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Sandoval surname, with a concentration on records and families from France, Spain, and other European countries.Sandoval Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Sandoval surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Sandoval query.FamilySearch - Sandoval Genealogy: Find historical records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Sandoval surname and its variations. References Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005.Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Sex offenders in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sex offenders in Australia - Essay Example It is thus reasonable to expect society to consider and undertake all possible viable solutions against sex offenses. In the United States, the passage of Megan’s Law has is widely known for making legal the naming of sex offenders after they have been released from prison, as a means by which the community they are reintegrated in are made aware of the risks. In our country, Australia, there is the Australian National Child Offender Register (ANCOR) targeting sex offenders of minor children, and monitoring them for a certain duration of time. However, this is altogether different from the â€Å"naming and shaming† of these individuals, which Australia has still not allowed. The issue of the naming of sex offenders has hit the headlines in recent months, with Melboune broadcaster Derryn Hinch lost his court battled against suppression orders to protect child abusters. Victoria’s Sex Abusers Monitoring Act, he said, was unconstitutional for not explicitly stating that court proceedings must be held publicly. He also said that suppression orders are unconstitutional. Deciding against him, the courts held that suppression orders are unconstitutional and he was guilty of contempt for divulging the names of the sex offenders. And yet, there is growing public support around the idea of naming and shaming, such support built upon populist sentiments condemning sexual offenses, demonizing sezual offenders and rousing fears that communities will not be safe in the presence of these sex offenders. In my paper, I will use two criminological theories to examine and critique this notion of naming of sex offenders. These are the conflict theory of criminology and the classical theory of criminology. A. Conflict Theory In order to discuss Conflict theory, it is incumbent to compare it with the consensus theory. The sociological theories that underpin our understanding of crime and punishment, as well as the justice system have long been the subject of deb ate by opposing ideological camps. The divergent approaches of â€Å"consensus† and â€Å"conflict† and what approach is the most appropriate lens with which to understand crimes remains to be discussed today, with the debates evolving to meet more modern and complex contemporary problems. It is imperative to begin by defining the concepts. Reid (119) defined the consensus approach as one that â€Å"views the emerging norms and laws of society as representative of the common feeling about what is right and proper; that is, they represent a consensus of views—a mechanism for maintaining social order.† It looks at society as a homogenous whole, without factions or frictions, and making a collective determination on what is right and what is wrong. For example, taking a very recent incident, the harsh punishments meted against the London street rioters might be deemed appropriate among proponents of the consensus theorists: indeed, the destruction of private property and petty larceny go against collective values and the State must bear down heavily upon those who seek to trample those values. In contrast, the proponents of the conflict theory look at society not as a homogenous whole, but as one wracked by class fault lines. Therefore, laws are not simply collectively-agreed upon rules that establish social order and ensure the efficient and harmonious functioning